本文实例讲述了Zend Framework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

Zend_View是Zend Framework的视图组件，MVC中的视图层。 Zend_View也是应用的直接对用户展示的页面。这里介绍一下Zend_View的实现类，以及如何和Controller结合在一起的。

View的实现

Zend_View的实现主要是通过如下目录的类实现：

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend# tree | grep View.php

│ └── View/

├── View.php

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend/View# tree

.

├── Abstract.php

├── Exception.php

├── Helper

│ ├── Abstract.php

│ ├── Action.php

│ ├── BaseUrl.php

│ ├── Currency.php

│ ├── Cycle.php

│ ├── DeclareVars.php

│ ├── Doctype.php

│ ├── Fieldset.php

│ ├── FormButton.php

│ ├── FormCheckbox.php

│ ├── FormElement.php

│ ├── FormErrors.php

│ ├── FormFile.php

│ ├── FormHidden.php

│ ├── FormImage.php

│ ├── FormLabel.php

│ ├── FormMultiCheckbox.php

│ ├── FormNote.php

│ ├── FormPassword.php

│ ├── Form.php

│ ├── FormRadio.php

│ ├── FormReset.php

│ ├── FormSelect.php

│ ├── FormSubmit.php

│ ├── FormTextarea.php

│ ├── FormText.php

│ ├── Gravatar.php

│ ├── HeadLink.php

│ ├── HeadMeta.php

│ ├── HeadScript.php

│ ├── HeadStyle.php

│ ├── HeadTitle.php

│ ├── HtmlElement.php

│ ├── HtmlFlash.php

│ ├── HtmlList.php

│ ├── HtmlObject.php

│ ├── HtmlPage.php

│ ├── HtmlQuicktime.php

│ ├── InlineScript.php

│ ├── Interface.php

│ ├── Json.php

│ ├── Layout.php

│ ├── Navigation

│ │ ├── Breadcrumbs.php

│ │ ├── HelperAbstract.php

│ │ ├── Helper.php

│ │ ├── Links.php

│ │ ├── Menu.php

│ │ └── Sitemap.php

│ ├── Navigation.php

│ ├── PaginationControl.php

│ ├── Partial

│ │ └── Exception.php

│ ├── PartialLoop.php

│ ├── Partial.php

│ ├── Placeholder

│ │ ├── Container

│ │ │ ├── Abstract.php

│ │ │ ├── Exception.php

│ │ │ └── Standalone.php

│ │ ├── Container.php

│ │ ├── Registry

│ │ │ └── Exception.php

│ │ └── Registry.php

│ ├── Placeholder.php

│ ├── RenderToPlaceholder.php

│ ├── ServerUrl.php

│ ├── TinySrc.php

│ ├── Translate.php

│ ├── Url.php

│ └── UserAgent.php

├── Interface.php

└── Stream.php

6 directories, 70 files

Zend_View和Zend_Controller的整合

主要在Zend_Controller_Action类中,

/** * Initialize View object * * Initializes {@link $view} if not otherwise a Zend_View_Interface. * * If {@link $view} is not otherwise set, instantiates a new Zend_View * object, using the 'views' subdirectory at the same level as the * controller directory for the current module as the base directory. * It uses this to set the following: * - script path = views/scripts/ * - helper path = views/helpers/ * - filter path = views/filters/ * * @return Zend_View_Interface * @throws Zend_Controller_Exception if base view directory does not exist */ public function initView() { if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) { return $this->view; } require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php'; if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) { return $this->view; } $request = $this->getRequest(); $module = $request->getModuleName(); $dirs = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory(); if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) { $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule(); } $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views'; if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) { require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php'; throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")'); } require_once 'Zend/View.php'; $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir)); return $this->view; } /** * Render a view * * Renders a view. By default, views are found in the view script path as * <controller>/<action>.phtml. You may change the script suffix by * resetting {@link $viewSuffix}. You may omit the controller directory * prefix by specifying boolean true for $noController. * * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name. * * @see Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract::appendBody() * @param string|null $action Defaults to action registered in request object * @param string|null $name Response object named path segment to use; defaults to null * @param bool $noController Defaults to false; i.e. use controller name as subdir in which to search for view script * @return void */ public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false) { if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) { return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController); } $view = $this->initView(); $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController); $this->getResponse()->appendBody( $view->render($script), $name ); } /** * Render a given view script * * Similar to {@link render()}, this method renders a view script. Unlike render(), * however, it does not autodetermine the view script via {@link getViewScript()}, * but instead renders the script passed to it. Use this if you know the * exact view script name and path you wish to use, or if using paths that do not * conform to the spec defined with getViewScript(). * * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name. * * @param string $script * @param string $name * @return void */ public function renderScript($script, $name = null) { if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) { return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name); } $view = $this->initView(); $this->getResponse()->appendBody( $view->render($script), $name ); }

Zend_View.php类

<?php /** * Zend Framework * * LICENSE * * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_View * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License * @version $Id: View.php 23775 2011-03-01 17:25:24Z ralph $ */ /** * Abstract master class for extension. */ require_once 'Zend/View/Abstract.php'; /** * Concrete class for handling view scripts. * * @category Zend * @package Zend_View * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */ class Zend_View extends Zend_View_Abstract { /** * Whether or not to use streams to mimic short tags * @var bool */ private $_useViewStream = false; /** * Whether or not to use stream wrapper if short_open_tag is false * @var bool */ private $_useStreamWrapper = false; /** * Constructor * * Register Zend_View_Stream stream wrapper if short tags are disabled. * * @param array $config * @return void */ public function __construct($config = array()) { $this->_useViewStream = (bool) ini_get('short_open_tag') ? false : true; if ($this->_useViewStream) { if (!in_array('zend.view', stream_get_wrappers())) { require_once 'Zend/View/Stream.php'; stream_wrapper_register('zend.view', 'Zend_View_Stream'); } } if (array_key_exists('useStreamWrapper', $config)) { $this->setUseStreamWrapper($config['useStreamWrapper']); } parent::__construct($config); } /** * Set flag indicating if stream wrapper should be used if short_open_tag is off * * @param bool $flag * @return Zend_View */ public function setUseStreamWrapper($flag) { $this->_useStreamWrapper = (bool) $flag; return $this; } /** * Should the stream wrapper be used if short_open_tag is off? * * @return bool */ public function useStreamWrapper() { return $this->_useStreamWrapper; } /** * Includes the view script in a scope with only public $this variables. * * @param string The view script to execute. */ protected function _run() { if ($this->_useViewStream && $this->useStreamWrapper()) { include 'zend.view://' . func_get_arg(0); } else { include func_get_arg(0); } } }

默认情况会自动通过Controller会通过render方法来实例化Zend_View, 然后rener到对应的视图文件中。当然可以自己实例化Zend_View，然后使用。

action默认指向的文件是和action的名称相同，如果要指定视图文件，可以通过$this->render的相关方法指定.也可以通过addScriptPath和setScriptPath设置视图文件的目录。

例如

$view = new Zend_View(); $view->addScriptPath('/www/app/myviews'); $view->addScriptPath('/www/app/viewscomm'); // 如果调用 $view->render('example.php'), Zend_View 将 // 首先查找 "/www/app/myviews/example.php", 找不到再找"/www/app/viewscomm/example.php", 如果还找不到，最后查找当前目录下/的"example.php".

Zend_View的常用方法

public function __construct($config = array())

构造函数参数

例如

array( 'escape' => array(), 'encoding' => array(), );

常见key：

escape、encoding、basePath、basePathPrefix、scriptPath、helperPath、 helperPathPrefix、filterPath、filterPathPrefix、filter

public function getEngine() Return the template engine object

public function init()初始化函数

/** * Given a base path, sets the script, helper, and filter paths relative to it * * Assumes a directory structure of: * <code> * basePath/ * scripts/ * helpers/ * filters/ * </code> * * @param string $path * @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths * @return Zend_View_Abstract */ public function setBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View') /** * Given a base path, add script, helper, and filter paths relative to it * * Assumes a directory structure of: * <code> * basePath/ * scripts/ * helpers/ * filters/ * </code> * * @param string $path * @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths * @return Zend_View_Abstract */ public function addBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View') public function addScriptPath($path)Adds to the stack of view script paths in LIFO order. public function setScriptPath($path) Resets the stack of view script paths. public function getScriptPath($name)Return full path to a view script specified by $name public function getScriptPaths()Returns an array of all currently set script paths public function addHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Adds to the stack of helper paths in LIFO order. public function setHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Resets the stack of helper paths. public function getHelperPath($name) Get full path to a helper class file specified by $name public function getHelperPaths()Returns an array of all currently set helper paths public function getHelper($name) Get a helper by name public function getHelpers()Get array of all active helpers public function getAllPaths() Return associative array of path types => paths public function setEscape($spec) /** * Assigns variables to the view script via differing strategies. * * Zend_View::assign('name', $value) assigns a variable called 'name' * with the corresponding $value. * * Zend_View::assign($array) assigns the array keys as variable * names (with the corresponding array values). * * @see __set() * @param string|array The assignment strategy to use. * @param mixed (Optional) If assigning a named variable, use this * as the value. * @return Zend_View_Abstract Fluent interface * @throws Zend_View_Exception if $spec is neither a string nor an array, * or if an attempt to set a private or protected member is detected */ public function assign($spec, $value = null)

在controller的action可以通过assign传递参数到视图脚本。

例如

$this->view->assign('roles', $roles); $this->view->assign('num', $num); $this->view->assign('a', $a);

或者也可以用

$this->view->roles=$roles; $this->view->a=$a; public function render($name) Processes a view script and returns the output. public function escape($var):Escapes a value for output in a view script. public function setEncoding($encoding) Set encoding to use with htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars() public function getEncoding() :Return current escape encoding

视图脚本文件中的常见用法：

获取传递过来的值

$this->roles

使用一些常见的助手方法：

$this->baseUrl(); $this->url(); $this->paginationControl(); $this->partial()

视图常见用法举例

在bootstrap初始化view或者controller的init文件中

/** * Initialize the common view helper */ protected function _initViewHelper() { $boot=$this->bootstrap('View'); $view = $boot->getResource('View'); $view->setHelperPath('Sql/View/Helper', 'Sql_View_Helper'); }

action中

/** * * @return void */ public function listAction() { $this->view->assign('data', $data); }

视图文件

list.phtml

<?php foreach ($this->data as $item) : ?> <tr> <td><?php echo($item->item1);?></td> </tr> <?php endforeach; ?>

希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。