前言： 有时候，一个数据库有多个帐号，包括数据库管理员，开发人员，运维支撑人员等，可能有很多帐号都有比较大的权限，例如DDL操作权限(创建，修改，删除存储过程，创建，修改，删除表等），账户多了，管理起来就会相当麻烦，容易产生混乱，如果数据库管理员不监控数据库架构变更的话，就不知道谁对数据库架构做了啥改动（此处改动仅仅只DDL操作），尤其有时候，有些开发人员可能不按规章制度办事，绕过或忘了通知发布人员或DBA，直接去生产机做一些DDL操作，那么我们就需要对数据库架构某些更改的事件进行监控，如果能够监控并留下证据，这样既可以让DBA或相关管理人员知晓这些变更，有效管理数据库，也可以避免出现问题，出现扯皮现象，最后DBA成了背黑锅的。

下面就是一个解决上述问题的方案，我们通过创建一个表DatabaseLog和DDL触发器来解决问题，首先在msdb数据库里面新建一个表DatabaseLog，用来保存DDL触发器获取的信息。其中DDL触发器主要通过EVENTDATA()函数返回有关服务器或数据库事件的信息。

复制代码 代码如下:

USE msdb;

GO

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DatabaseLog]

(

[DatabaseLogID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,

[PostTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,

[DatabaseUser] [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,

[LoginName] [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,

[ClientHost] [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,

[Event] [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,

[Schema] [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,

[Object] [sysname] COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL,

[TSQL] [nvarchar](max) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,

[XmlEvent] [xml] NOT NULL,

CONSTRAINT [PK_DatabaseLog_DatabaseLogID] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED

(

[DatabaseLogID] ASC

)WITH (PAD_INDEX= OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY]

) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Primary key for DatabaseLog records.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DatabaseLogID'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The date and time the DDL change occurred.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'PostTime'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The user who implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DatabaseUser'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The login which implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'LoginName'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The client machine on which implemented the DDL change.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ClientHost'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The type of DDL statement that was executed.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Event'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The schema to which the changed object belongs.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Schema'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The object that was changed by the DDL statment.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Object'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The exact Transact-SQL statement that was executed.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TSQL'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'The raw XML data generated by database trigger.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'XmlEvent'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Audit table tracking all DDL changes made to the database. Data is captured by the database trigger ddlDatabaseTriggerLog.' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty@name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Primary key (nonclustered) constraint' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DatabaseLog', @level2type=N'CONSTRAINT',@level2name=N'PK_DatabaseLog_DatabaseLogID'

GO

例如，我要监控数据库MyAssistant的DDL操作，那么我们首先在“数据库邮件”里面创建一个配置名为“ DataBase_DDL_Event”的配置文件（profile name）,这个就不多讲了，不知道配置的，自己先练练手把，假如我需要让数据库把监控到DDL操作变动相信信息发送到我的邮箱 *****@***.com(用你自己的邮箱替代)，那么只需要修改下面代码的邮箱和profile_name即可。

复制代码 代码如下:

USE MyAssistant;

GO

CREATE TRIGGER [DTG_DatabaseDdlTriggerLog]

ON DATABASE

FOR DDL_DATABASE_LEVEL_EVENTS

AS

BEGIN

SET NOCOUNT ON;

DECLARE @data XML;

DECLARE @schema sysname;

DECLARE @object sysname;

DECLARE @eventType sysname;

DECLARE @tableHTML NVARCHAR(MAX) ;

SET @data = EVENTDATA();

SET @eventType = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]', 'sysname');

SET @schema = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/SchemaName)[1]', 'sysname');

SET @object = @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)[1]', 'sysname')

IF @object IS NOT NULL

PRINT ' ' + @eventType + ' - ' + @schema + '.' + @object;

ELSE

PRINT ' ' + @eventType + ' - ' + @schema;

IF @eventType IS NULL

PRINT CONVERT(nvarchar(max), @data);

INSERT [msdb].[dbo].[DatabaseLog]

(

[PostTime],

[DatabaseUser],

[LoginName],

[ClientHost],

[Event],

[Schema],

[Object],

[TSQL],

[XmlEvent]

)

VALUES

(

GETDATE(),

CONVERT(sysname, CURRENT_USER),

@data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/LoginName)[1]', 'nvarchar(max)'),

CONVERT(sysname, HOST_NAME()),

@eventType,

CONVERT(sysname, @schema),

CONVERT(sysname, @object),

@data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand)[1]', 'nvarchar(max)'),

@data

);

SET @tableHTML =

N'<H1>DDL Event</H1>' +

N'<table border="0">' +

N'<tr><th>Post Time</th><th>User</th><th>Login</th><th>ClientHost</th>' +

N'<th>TSQL</th><th></tr>' +

CAST(( SELECT

td = PostTime, '',

td = DatabaseUser, '',

td = LoginName, '',

td = ClientHost, '',

td = TSQL, ''

FROM msdb.dbo.DatabaseLog

WHERE DatabaseLogID =(select max(DatabaseLogID) from msdb.dbo.DatabaseLog)

FOR XML PATH('tr'), TYPE ) AS NVARCHAR(MAX) ) + N'</table>' ;

EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail

@profile_name = 'DataBase_DDL_Event',

@recipients='***@***.com',

@subject = 'DDL Event - DataBase MyAssistant',

@body = @tableHTML,

@body_format = 'HTML' ;

END;

GO

接下来我们来测试一下，假如一个用户Test登录数据库，一不小心删除了一个Test的表，如下图一所示，那么我将收到一封邮件，提示我用户Test在那台客户端主机执行了啥DDL操作(如下图二所示)，当然邮件的样式、排版有兴趣的可以去美化一下。