本章将教你如何使用Struts2 的应用程序发送电子邮件。对于此练习中,需要下载并安装将mail.jar 从 JavaMail API1.4.4,并将 mail.jar文件放置在WEB-INFlib文件夹,然后继续遵循的标准步骤创建动作,视图和配置文件。
创建动作:
下一步是创建一个Action方法,发送电子邮件。让我们创建一个新类称为 Emailer.java 以下内容。
package com.yiibai.struts2; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class Emailer extends ActionSupport { private String from; private String password; private String to; private String subject; private String body; static Properties properties = new Properties(); static { properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com"); properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465"); properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465"); } public String execute() { String ret = SUCCESS; try { Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new javax.mail.Authenticator() { protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(from, password); }}); Message message = new MimeMessage(session); message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to)); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(body); Transport.send(message); } catch(Exception e) { ret = ERROR; e.printStackTrace(); } return ret; } public String getFrom() { return from; } public void setFrom(String from) { this.from = from; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getTo() { return to; } public void setTo(String to) { this.to = to; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this.subject = subject; } public String getBody() { return body; } public void setBody(String body) { this.body = body; } public static Properties getProperties() { return properties; } public static void setProperties(Properties properties) { Emailer.properties = properties; } }
可以看到在上面的源代码中,Emailer.java有对应的形式在下面给出的email.jsp页的属性的属性。这些属性
from - 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们使用的是谷歌的SMTP,我们需要一个有效的gtalk ID password - 上述帐户的密码 to - 给谁发送电子邮件? Subject - 电子邮件主题 body - 实际的电子邮件消息
我们有没有考虑过上述各个属性的任何验证,验证将被添加在下一章。现在让我们看看在execute()方法。 execute()方法使用使用javax邮件库发送一封电子邮件,使用提供的参数。如果邮件被发送,动作返回 SUCCESS,否则它返回ERROR。
创建主页页:
让我们编写主页index.jsp的JSP文件,这将被用来收集电子邮件的相关信息,上面提到的:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Form</title> </head> <body> <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server. So you need to enter a gmail username and password </em> <form action="emailer" method="post"> <label for="from">From</label><br/> <input type="text" name="from"/><br/> <label for="password">Password</label><br/> <input type="password" name="password"/><br/> <label for="to">To</label><br/> <input type="text" name="to"/><br/> <label for="subject">Subject</label><br/> <input type="text" name="subject"/><br/> <label for="body">Body</label><br/> <input type="text" name="body"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="Send Email"/> </form> </body> </html>
创建视图:
我们将使用JSP文件的success.jsp将被调用的情况下行动返回SUCCESS,但在发生ERROR 的情况下,我们将有另一种视图认为文件是从操作返回。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Success</title> </head> <body> Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully. </body> </html>
下面将是在一个错误的情况下,从动作返回视图文件error.jsp。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Error</title> </head> <body> There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>. </body> </html>
配置文件:
现在,让我们将这一切组合起来使用struts.xml的配置文件如下:
<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default"> <action name="emailer" method="execute"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error">/error.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
以下是web.xml文件中的内容:
<"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Struts 2</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
现在,右键点击项目名称,并单击 Export > WAR File创建一个WAR文件。然后部署此WAR在Tomcat的webapps目录下。最后,启动Tomcat服务器和尝试访问URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。这会给出以下画面:
输入所需信息,并单击“Send Email ”按钮。如果一切顺利,那么应该看到以下页面:
如果是SSH三个框架配合起来使用,这里再给个例子,不过struts和spring的框架外,也需要mail.jar,activation.jar.
1) 首先在applicationContext.xml文件中配置bean
<bean id="mailSender"> <property name="host" value="host"/> <property name="username" value="username"/> <property name="password" value="password"/> </bean> <bean id="sendMailAction" singleton="false"> <property name="mailSender"><ref bean="mailSender"/> </property> </bean>
2)实现发送邮件java类代码
protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{ public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendMail() throws Exception {
1:简单邮件
protected JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{ public void setMailSender(JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendMail() throws Exception {
2:HTML邮件的发送
//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别 MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage); //设置收件人,寄件人 messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com"); messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com"); messageHelper.setSubject("测试HTML邮件!"); //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件 messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1></body></html>",true); //发送邮件 senderImpl.send(mailMessage);
3:本类测试邮件中嵌套图片
//建立邮件消息,发送简单邮件和html邮件的区别 MimeMessage mailMessage = senderImpl.createMimeMessage(); //注意这里的boolean,等于真的时候才能嵌套图片,在构建MimeMessageHelper时候,所给定的值是true表示启用, multipart模式 MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mailMessage,true); //设置收件人,寄件人 messageHelper.setTo("sun111@163.com"); messageHelper.setFrom("webadmin@163.com"); messageHelper.setSubject("测试邮件中嵌套图片!!"); //true 表示启动HTML格式的邮件 messageHelper.setText("<html><head></head><body><h1>hello!!zhangjian</h1>" + "<img src="http://www.jb51.net" mce_src="/""cid:aaa/"/></body></html>",true); FileSystemResource img = new FileSystemResource(new File("c:/aaa.jpg")); messageHelper.addInline("aaa",img); //发送邮件 senderImpl.send(mailMessage); } }