Linux netstat命令详解和使用例子(显示各种网络相关信息)
Linux netstat命令详解和使用例子(显示各种网络相关信息)
发布时间:2016-12-27 来源:查字典编辑
摘要:如果你的计算机有时候接收到的数据报导致出错数据或故障,你不必感到奇怪,TCP/IP可以容许这些类型的错误,并能够自动重发数据报。但如果累计的...

如果你的计算机有时候接收到的数据报导致出错数据或故障,你不必感到奇怪,TCP/IP可以容许这些类型的错误,并能够自动重发数据报。但如果累计的出错情况数目占到所接收的IP数据报相当大的百分比,或者它的数目正迅速增加,那么你就应该使用netstat查一查为什么会出现这些情况了。

1.命令格式:

netstat[-acCeFghilMnNoprstuvVwx][-A<网络类型>][--ip]

2.命令功能:

netstat用于显示与IP、TCP、UDP和ICMP协议相关的统计数据,一般用于检验本机各端口的网络连接情况。

3.命令参数:

-a或–all显示所有连线中的Socket。

-A<网络类型>或–<网络类型>列出该网络类型连线中的相关地址。

-c或–continuous持续列出网络状态。

-C或–cache显示路由器配置的快取信息。

-e或–extend显示网络其他相关信息。

-F或–fib显示FIB。

-g或–groups显示多重广播功能群组组员名单。

-h或–help在线帮助。

-i或–interfaces显示网络界面信息表单。

-l或–listening显示监控中的服务器的Socket。

-M或–masquerade显示伪装的网络连线。

-n或–numeric直接使用IP地址,而不通过域名服务器。

-N或–netlink或–symbolic显示网络硬件外围设备的符号连接名称。

-o或–timers显示计时器。

-p或–programs显示正在使用Socket的程序识别码和程序名称。

-r或–route显示RoutingTable。

-s或–statistice显示网络工作信息统计表。

-t或–tcp显示TCP传输协议的连线状况。

-u或–udp显示UDP传输协议的连线状况。

-v或–verbose显示指令执行过程。

-V或–version显示版本信息。

-w或–raw显示RAW传输协议的连线状况。

-x或–unix此参数的效果和指定”-Aunix”参数相同。

–ip或–inet此参数的效果和指定”-Ainet”参数相同。

4.使用实例:

实例1:无参数使用

命令:netstat

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 268 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 192.168.120.204:4371 10.58.119.119:domain ESTABLISHED

Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)

Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd

unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286

[root@localhost ~]#

说明:

从整体上看,netstat的输出结果可以分为两个部分:

一个是ActiveInternetconnections,称为有源TCP连接,其中"Recv-Q"和"Send-Q"指的是接收队列和发送队列。这些数字一般都应该是0。如果不是则表示软件包正在队列中堆积。这种情况只能在非常少的情况见到。

另一个是ActiveUNIXdomainsockets,称为有源Unix域套接口(和网络套接字一样,但是只能用于本机通信,性能可以提高一倍)。

Proto显示连接使用的协议,RefCnt表示连接到本套接口上的进程号,Types显示套接口的类型,State显示套接口当前的状态,Path表示连接到套接口的其它进程使用的路径名。

套接口类型:

-t:TCP

-u:UDP

-raw:RAW类型

--unix:UNIX域类型

--ax25:AX25类型

--ipx:ipx类型

--netrom:netrom类型

状态说明:

LISTEN:侦听来自远方的TCP端口的连接请求

SYN-SENT:再发送连接请求后等待匹配的连接请求(如果有大量这样的状态包,检查是否中招了)

SYN-RECEIVED:再收到和发送一个连接请求后等待对方对连接请求的确认(如有大量此状态,估计被flood攻击了)

ESTABLISHED:代表一个打开的连接

FIN-WAIT-1:等待远程TCP连接中断请求,或先前的连接中断请求的确认

FIN-WAIT-2:从远程TCP等待连接中断请求

CLOSE-WAIT:等待从本地用户发来的连接中断请求

CLOSING:等待远程TCP对连接中断的确认

LAST-ACK:等待原来的发向远程TCP的连接中断请求的确认(不是什么好东西,此项出现,检查是否被攻击)

TIME-WAIT:等待足够的时间以确保远程TCP接收到连接中断请求的确认

CLOSED:没有任何连接状态

实例2:列出所有端口

命令:netstat-a

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -a

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 localhost:smux *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 *:svn *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 284 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 localhost:syslog *:*

udp 0 0 *:snmp *:*

Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)

Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 708833 /tmp/ssh-yKnDB15725/agent.15725

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7296 /var/run/audispd_events

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd

unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286

[root@localhost ~]#

说明:

显示一个所有的有效连接信息列表,包括已建立的连接(ESTABLISHED),也包括监听连接请(LISTENING)的那些连接。

实例3:显示当前UDP连接状况

命令:netstat-nu

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -nu

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53392 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56723 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56480 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:58154 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:44227 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:36954 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53984 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:57703 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53613 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:10000 ESTABLISHED

[root@andy ~]#

实例4:显示UDP端口号的使用情况

命令:netstat-apu

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -apu

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

udp 0 0 *:57604 *:* 28094/java

udp 0 0 *:40583 *:* 21220/java

udp 0 0 *:45451 *:* 14583/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53392 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 19327/java

udp 0 0 *:52370 *:* 15841/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56723 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 15841/java

udp 0 0 *:44182 *:* 31757/java

udp 0 0 *:48155 *:* 5476/java

udp 0 0 *:59808 *:* 17333/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:56480 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 28094/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:58154 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 15429/java

udp 0 0 *:36780 *:* 10091/java

udp 0 0 *:36795 *:* 24594/java

udp 0 0 *:41922 *:* 20506/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:44227 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 17333/java

udp 0 0 *:34258 *:* 8866/java

udp 0 0 *:55508 *:* 11667/java

udp 0 0 *:36055 *:* 12425/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:36954 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 16532/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53984 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 20506/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:57703 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 31757/java

udp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.12:53613 ::ffff:192.168.9.120:ndmp ESTABLISHED 3199/java

udp 0 0 *:56309 *:* 15429/java

udp 0 0 *:54007 *:* 16532/java

udp 0 0 *:39544 *:* 3199/java

udp 0 0 *:43900 *:* 19327/java

[root@andy ~]#

实例5:显示网卡列表

命令:netstat-i

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -i

Kernel Interface table

Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg

eth0 1500 0 151818887 0 0 0 198928403 0 0 0 BMRU

lo 16436 0 107235 0 0 0 107235 0 0 0 LRU

[root@andy ~]#

实例6:显示组播组的关系

命令:netstat-g

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -g

IPv6/IPv4 Group Memberships

Interface RefCnt Group

--------------- ------ ---------------------

lo 1 all-systems.mcast.net

eth0 1 all-systems.mcast.net

lo 1 ff02::1

eth0 1 ff02::1:ffff:9b0c

eth0 1 ff02::1

[root@andy ~]#

实例7:显示网络统计信息

命令:netstat-s

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -s

Ip:

530999 total packets received

0 forwarded

0 incoming packets discarded

530999 incoming packets delivered

8258 requests sent out

1 dropped because of missing route

Icmp:

90 ICMP messages received

0 input ICMP message failed.

ICMP input histogram:

destination unreachable: 17

echo requests: 1

echo replies: 72

106 ICMP messages sent

0 ICMP messages failed

ICMP output histogram:

destination unreachable: 8

echo request: 97

echo replies: 1

IcmpMsg:

InType0: 72

InType3: 17

InType8: 1

OutType0: 1

OutType3: 8

OutType8: 97

Tcp:

8 active connections openings

15 passive connection openings

8 failed connection attempts

3 connection resets received

1 connections established

3132 segments received

2617 segments send out

53 segments retransmited

0 bad segments received.

252 resets sent

Udp:

0 packets received

0 packets to unknown port received.

0 packet receive errors

5482 packets sent

TcpExt:

1 invalid SYN cookies received

1 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer

57 delayed acks sent

Quick ack mode was activated 50 times

60 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.

68 packets directly received from backlog

4399 packets directly received from prequeue

520 packets header predicted

51 packets header predicted and directly queued to user

1194 acknowledgments not containing data received

21 predicted acknowledgments

0 TCP data loss events

1 timeouts after reno fast retransmit

9 retransmits in slow start

42 other TCP timeouts

3 connections aborted due to timeout

IpExt:

InBcastPkts: 527777

说明:

按照各个协议分别显示其统计数据。如果我们的应用程序(如Web浏览器)运行速度比较慢,或者不能显示Web页之类的数据,那么我们就可以用本选项来查看一下所显示的信息。我们需要仔细查看统计数据的各行,找到出错的关键字,进而确定问题所在。

实例8:显示监听的套接口

命令:netstat-l

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -l

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 localhost:smux *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 *:svn *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN

udp 0 0 localhost:syslog *:*

udp 0 0 *:snmp *:*

Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)

Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 708833 /tmp/ssh-yKnDB15725/agent.15725

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 7296 /var/run/audispd_events

[root@localhost ~]#

实例9:显示所有已建立的有效连接

命令:netstat-n

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -n

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 268 192.168.120.204:22 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED

Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)

Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd

unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286

[root@localhost ~]#

实例10:显示关于以太网的统计数据

命令:netstat-e

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -e

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode

tcp 0 248 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED root 708795

Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)

Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 1491 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd

unix 4 [ ] DGRAM 7337 /dev/log

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 708823

unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7539

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7287

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 7286

[root@localhost ~]#

说明:

用于显示关于以太网的统计数据。它列出的项目包括传送的数据报的总字节数、错误数、删除数、数据报的数量和广播的数量。这些统计数据既有发送的数据报数量,也有接收的数据报数量。这个选项可以用来统计一些基本的网络流量)

实例11:显示关于路由表的信息

命令:netstat-r

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -r

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface

192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

[root@localhost ~]#

实例12:列出所有tcp端口

命令:netstat-at

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -at

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State

tcp 0 0 localhost:smux *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 *:svn *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN

tcp 0 284 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED

[root@localhost ~]#

实例13:统计机器中网络连接各个状态个数

命令:netstat-a|awk'/^tcp/{++S[$NF]}END{for(ainS)printa,S[a]}'

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -a | awk '/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}'

ESTABLISHED 1

LISTEN 3

[root@localhost ~]#

实例14:把状态全都取出来后使用uniq-c统计后再进行排序

命令:netstat-nat|awk'{print$6}'|sort|uniq-c

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c

14 CLOSE_WAIT

1 established)

578 ESTABLISHED

1 Foreign

43 LISTEN

5 TIME_WAIT

[root@andy ~]# netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn

576 ESTABLISHED

43 LISTEN

14 CLOSE_WAIT

5 TIME_WAIT

1 Foreign

1 established)

[root@andy ~]#

实例15:查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址

命令:netstat-nat|grep"192.168.120.20:16067"|awk'{print$5}'|awk-F:'{print$4}'|sort|uniq-c|sort-nr|head-20

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -nat | grep "192.168.120.20:16067" |awk '{print $5}'|awk -F: '{print $4}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20

8 10.2.1.68

7 192.168.119.13

6 192.168.119.201

6 192.168.119.20

6 192.168.119.10

4 10.2.1.199

3 10.2.1.207

2 192.168.120.20

2 192.168.120.15

2 192.168.119.197

2 192.168.119.11

2 10.2.1.206

2 10.2.1.203

2 10.2.1.189

2 10.2.1.173

1 192.168.120.18

1 192.168.119.19

1 10.2.2.227

1 10.2.2.138

1 10.2.1.208

[root@andy ~]#

实例16:找出程序运行的端口

命令:netstat-ap|grepssh

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -ap | grep ssh

tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 2570/sshd

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.206:ssh ::ffff:10.2.1.205:54508 ESTABLISHED 13883/14

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.206:ssh ::ffff:10.2.0.68:62886 ESTABLISHED 20900/6

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.206:ssh ::ffff:10.2.2.131:52730 ESTABLISHED 20285/sshd: root@no

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 194494461 20900/6 /tmp/ssh-cXIJj20900/agent.20900

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 194307443 20285/sshd: root@no

unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 194307441 20285/sshd: root@no

[root@andy ~]#

实例17:在netstat输出中显示PID和进程名称

命令:netstat-pt

输出:

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -pt

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 248 192.168.120.204:ssh 10.2.0.68:62420 ESTABLISHED 15725/0

[root@localhost ~]#

说明:

netstat-p可以与其它开关一起使用,就可以添加“PID/进程名称”到netstat输出中,这样debugging的时候可以很方便的发现特定端口运行的程序。

实例18:找出运行在指定端口的进程

命令:netstat-anpt|grep':16064'

输出:

[root@andy ~]# netstat -anpt | grep ':16064'

tcp 0 0 :::16064 :::* LISTEN 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.201:6462 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.20:26341 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.20:32208 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:192.168.119.20:32207 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:51303 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:51302 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50020 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50019 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:56155 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50681 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:50680 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:52136 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:56989 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.120.20:16064 ::ffff:10.2.1.68:56988 ESTABLISHED 24594/java

[root@andy ~]#

说明:

运行在端口16064的进程id为24596,再通过ps命令就可以找到具体的应用程序了。

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