光盘安装OpenBSD3.6的方法_Unix/BSD教程-查字典教程网

1.1.系统从光盘启动，自检过程-略...

1.2.选择安装类型

|erase^?,werase^W,kill^U,intr^C,status^T

|(I)nstall,(U)pgradeor(S)hell?i<thenRETURN>;

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其中(I)代表安装一个全新的系统，(U)代表升级原有的OpenBSD旧版本的系统，(S)代表退出并进入命令行状态。

我们要安装一个全新的OpenBSD系统，所以我们在这里输入I，并回车。（当然你也可以按下Ctrl+C退回到命令行状态，再次输入install回到安装程序，如果在安装程序时误操作，可以使用这种方法进入命令行状态然后再重新回到安装程序开始安装。）

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1.3.选择终端类型

|WelcometotheOpenBSD/i3863.6installprogram.

|ThisprogramwillhelpyouinstallOpenBSDinasimpleandrationalway.At

|anypromptexceptpasswordpromptsyoucanrunashellcommandbytyping

|'!foo',orescapetoashellbytyping'!'.Defaultanswersareshownin[]'s

|andareselectedbypressingRETURN.Atanytimeyoucanexitthisprogramby

|pressingControl-CandthenRETURN,butquittingduringaninstallcanleave

|yoursysteminaninconsistentstate.

|TerminalType?[vt220]<RETURN>;

1.4.选择键盘类型

|Doyouwishtoselectakeyboardencodingtable?[no]yes<thenRETURN>;

|Selectyourkeyboardtype:(P)C-AT/XT,(U)SB,or'done'[P]<RETURN>;

|Theavailablekeyboardencodingtablesare:

|bebrdedkesfritjpltnoptrusfsgsvuaukus

|Tablename?(or'done')[us]<RETURN>;

|keyboardmappingsettous

##########################################

对于我们大部分的中国用户而言，我们使用的都是标准的美式键盘，这也是OpenBSD默认的键盘布局，所以我们直接按回车继续。

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1.5.磁盘划分

|ISYOURDATABACKEDUP?Aswithanythingthatmodifiesdiskcontents,this

|programcancauseSIGNIFICANTdataloss.

|Itisoftenhelpfultohavetheinstallationnoteshandy.Forcomplexdisk

|configurations,relevantdiskhardwaremanualsandacalculatorareuseful.

|Proceedwithinstall?[no]yes<thenRETURN>;

###########################

安装程序提示是否开始安装，我们直接输入y，并回车

#######################################

|Cool!Let'sgettoit...

|Youwillnowinitializethedisk(s)thatOpenBSDwilluse.Toenableall

|availablesecurtyfeaturesyoushouldconfigurethedisk(s)toallowthe

|creationofseparatefilesystemsfor/,/tmp,/var,/usr,and/home.

|Availabledisksare:wd0.

|Whichoneistherootdisk?(or'done')[wd0]<RETURN>;

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在OpenBSD系统中对于IDE接口的硬盘的命名方式是wd0，wd1，wd2……依次类推，而SCSI接口的硬盘则是sd0，sd1，sd2……依次类推。

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|Doyouwanttouse*all*ofwd0forOpenBSD?[no]yes<thenRETURN>;

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系统询问是否将检测到的整个硬盘都给OpenBSD使用，默认是no，但是我们在这里是要将OpenBSD作为服务器来用，所以我们在这里输入yes，并回车。

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|Puttingallofwd0intoanactiveOpenBSDMBRpartition(type'A6')...

|wd0:nodisklabel

|done.

|YouwillnowcreateanOpenBSDdisklabelinsidetheOpenBSDMBR

|partition.ThedisklabeldefineshowOpenBSDsplitsuptheMBRpartition

|intoOpenBSDpartitionsinwhichfilesystemsandswapspacearecreated.

|TheoffsetsusedinthedisklabelareABSOLUTE,i.e.relativetothe

|startofthedisk,NOTthestartoftheOpenBSdMBRpartition.

|#usingMBRpartition3:typeA6off63(0x3f)size8385687(0x7ff54b)

|Treatingsectors63-8385930astheOpenBSDportionofthedisk.

|Youcanusethe'b'commandtochangethis.

|Initiallabeleditor(enter'?'forhelpatanyprompt)

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在>;提示符下输入?将显示帮助，命令p用来显示显示当前硬盘分区的划分情况，命令d用来删除现有的分区（注意：c分区被OpenBSD系统保留使用，不能被删除或者被变更），命令z用来清空OpenBSD的分区表，命令a用来创建新的OpenBSD分区。

在OpenBSD系统中，xx0a一定是"/"文件系统，xx0b一定是swap文件系统，xx0c一定表示整个硬盘，在这三个文件系统的基础上，你可以进行xx0d、xx0e...等文件系统的划分。

命令“dx”表示删除文件系统，其中，xx0c一定不可以被删除，即便你执行“dc”，也不会成功；

命令“ax”表示增加文件系统，其中，xx0c一定不可以被覆盖，即便你执行“ac”，也不会成功；

partition是分区编号，从a分区开始，c分区跳过。

offset是指每一个分区的偏移地址。

size是分区大小。可以直接输入分区的偏移地址也可以直接输入m为单位的数值，比如我们在size项输入200m，系统回应说这个值近似于的偏移地址为409185。

FStype是文件系统类型。

mountpoint是挂载点。

注意：b分区默认是留给swap分区的，并且swap分区无需mountpoint。

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|>;p<thenRETURN>;

|device:/dev/rwd0c

|type:ESDI

|disk:ESDI/IDEdisk

|label:VMwareVirtualI

|bytes/sector:512

|sectors/track:63

|tracks/cylinder:16

|sectors/cylinder:1008

|cylinders:8332

|totalsectors:8388608

|freesectors:8385867

|rpm:3600

|16partitions:

|#sizeoffsetfstype[fsizebsizecpg]

|a:838586763unused00

|c:83886080unused00

|>;da<thenRETURN>;

|>;aa<thenRETURN>;

|offset:[63]<RETURN>;

|size:[8385867]128M<thenRETURN>;

|Roundingtonearestcylinder:262017

|FStype:[4.2BSD]<RETURN>;

|mountpoint:[none]/<thenRETURN>;

|>;ab<thenRETURN>;

|offset:[262080]<RETURN>;

|size:[8123850]256M<thenRETURN>;

|Roundingtonearestcylinder:524160

|FStype:[swap]<RETURN>;

|>;ad<thenRETURN>;

|offset:[786240]<RETURN>;

|size:[7599690]128M<thenRETURN>;

|Roundingtonearestcylinder:262080

|FStype:[4.2BSD]<RETURN>;

|mountpoint:[none]/tmp<thenRETURN>;

|>;ae<thenRETURN>;

|offset:[1048320]<RETURN>;

|size:[7337610]512M<thenRETURN>;

|Roundingtonearestcylinder:1048320

|FStype:[4.2BSD]<RETURN>;

|mountpoint:[none]/var<thenRETURN>;

|>;af<thenRETURN>;

|offset:[2096640]<RETURN>;

|size:[6289290]2048M<thenRETURN>;

|Roundingtonearestcylinder:4194288

|FStype:[4.2BSD]<RETURN>;

|mountpoint:[none]/usr<thenRETURN>;

|>;ag<thenRETURN>;

|offset:[6290928]<RETURN>;

|size:[2095002]<RETURN>;

|FStype:[4.2BSD]<RETURN>;

|mountpoint:[none]/home<thenRETURN>;

|>;p<thenRETURN>;

|device:/dev/rwd0c

|type:ESDI

|disk:ESDI/IDEdisk

|label:VMwareVirtualI

|bytes/sector:512

|sectors/track:63

|tracks/cylinder:16

|sectors/cylinder:1008

|cylinders:8332

|totalsectors:8388608

|freesectors:8385867

|rpm:3600

|16partitions:

|#sizeoffsetfstype[fsizebsizecpg]

|a:262017634.2BSD20481638416#/

|b:524160262080swap

|c:838860804.2BSD00

|d:2620807862404.2BSD20481638416#/tmp

|e:104832010483204.2BSD20481638416#/var

|f:41942882096640unused20481638416#/usr

|g:209500262909284.2BSD20481638416#/home

|>;w<thenRETURN>;

|>;q<thenRETURN>;

|Nolabelchanges.

|Mountpointforwd0d(size=131040k)>;(or'none'or'done')[/tmp]<RETURN>;

|Mountpointforwd0e(size=524160k)>;(or'none'or'done')[/var]<RETURN>;

|Mountpointforwd0f(size=2097144k)>;(or'none'or'done')[/usr]<RETURN>;

|Mountpointforwd0g(size=1047501k)>;(or'none'or'done')[/home]<RETURN>;

|Mountpointforwd0d(size=131040k)>;(or'none'or'done')[/tmp]done<thenRETURN>;

|Nomorediskstoinitialize.

|OpenBSDfilesystems:

|wd0a/

|wd0d/tmp

|wd0e/var

|wd0f/usr

|wd0g/home

|Thenextstep*DESTORYS*allexistingdataonthesepartitions!

|Areyoureallysurethatyou'rereadytoproceed?[no]yes<thenRETURN>;

|......创建磁盘过程省略......

1.6.网络配置

|Systemhostname?(shortform,e.g.'foo')bsd010ids<thenRETURN>;

#######################

配置主机名

#######################

|Configurethenetwork?[yes]<RETURN>;

|Availableinterfacesare:le1le2

|Whichondoyouwishtoinitialize?(or'done')[le1]<RETURN>;

|Symbolic(host)nameforle1?[bsd010ids]<RETURN>;

|IPv4addressforle1?(or'none'or'dhcp')10.x.x.x<thenRETURN>;

|Netmask?[255.255.255.0]<RETURN>;

|Availableinterfacesare:le2

|Whichondoyouwishtoinitialize?(or'done')[le2]<RETURN>;

|Symbolic(host)nameforle1?[bsd010ids]<RETURN>;

|IPv4addressforle2?(or'none'or'dhcp')192.168.1.1<thenRETURN>;

|Netmask?[255.255.255.0]<RETURN>;

|Nomoreinterfacestoinitialize.

|DNSdomainname?(e.g.'bar.com')[my.domain]mycom.com<thenRETURN>;

|DNSnameserver?(IPaddressor'none')[none]202.97.224.68<thenRETURN>;

|Usethenameservernow?[yes]<RETURN>;

|DefaultIPv4route?(IPv4address,'dhcp'or'none')10.x.x.x<thenRETURN>;

|addnetdefault:gateway10.x.x.x

|Edithostswithed?[no]<RETURN>;

|Doyouwanttodoanymanualnetworkconfiguration?[no]<RETURN>;

1.7.设置root口令

|Passwordforrootaccount?(willnotecho)<enteryourpasswordthenRETURN>;

|Passwordforrootaccount?(again)<enteryourpasswordagainthenRETURN>;

1.8.选择需要安装的系统文件

|Youwillnowspecifythelocatiobandnamesoftheinstallsetsyouwangtto

|load.Youwillbeabletorepeatthisstepuntilallofyoursetshavebeen

|successfullyloaded.Ifyouarenotsurewhatsetstoinstall,refertothe

|installationotesfordetailsonthecontentsofeach.

|Setscanbelocatedona(m)ountedfilesystem;a(c)drom,(d)iskor(t)ape

|device;ora(f)tp,(n)fsor(h)ttpserver.

|Wherearetheinstallsets?(or'done')c<thenRETURN>;

|AvailableCD-ROMsarecd0.

|Whichonecontainstheinstallmedia?(or'done')[cd0]<RETURN>;

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安装程序询问用哪种方式安装，我们输入c，从cdrom上安装，然后选择第一个cdrom设备cd0，回车继续。

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|Pathnametothesets?(or'done')[3.6/i386]<RETURN>;

|Thefollowingsetsareavailable.Enterafilename,'all'toselect

|allthesets,or'done'.Youmayde-selectasetbyprependinga'-'

|toitsname.

|[X]bsd

|[X]bsd.rd

|[]bsd.mp

|[X]base36.tgz

|[X]etc36.tgz

|[X]misc36.tgz

|[X]comp36.tgz

|[X]man36.tgz

|[X]game36.tgz

|[]xbase36.tgz

|[]xetc36.tgz

|[]xshare36.tgz

|[]xfont36.tgz

|[]xserv36.tgz

|Filename?(or'done')[bsd.mp]-game36.tgz<thenRETURN>;

|Thefollowingsetsareavailable.Enterafilename,'all'toselect

|allthesets,or'done'.Youmayde-selectasetbyprependinga'-'

|toitsname.

|[X]bsd

|[X]bsd.rd

|[]bsd.mp

|[X]base36.tgz

|[X]etc36.tgz

|[X]misc36.tgz

|[X]comp36.tgz

|[X]man36.tgz

|[]game36.tgz

|[]xbase36.tgz

|[]xetc36.tgz

|[]xshare36.tgz

|[]xfont36.tgz

|[]xserv36.tgz

|Filename?(or'done')[bsd.mp]done<thenRETURN>;

|Readytoinstallsets?[yes]<RETURN>;

|......安装过程省略......

|Setscanbelocatedona(m)ountedfilesystem;a(c)drom,(d)iskor(t)ape

|device;ora(f)tp,(n)fsor(h)ttpserver.

|Wherearetheinstallsets?(or'done')done<thenRETURN>;

这里解释一下OpenBSD的系统包的安装情况：

“x”开动的系统包，是XWindow使用的基本包（我不用这东西，没装）；

其余的包，除“bsd.mp”、“game36.tgz”外，都是系统必须的包，要装；

“bsd.mp”我不知道是什么，也没查，我感觉应该是SMP用的，缺省就没选，我也没装；

“game36.tgz”，这个我肯定是不装。

1.9.系统服务配置

|Startsshd(8)bydefault?[yes]<RETURN>;

|DoyouexpecttoruntheXWindowSystem?[yes]no<thenRETURN>;

|Changethedefaultconsoletocom0?[no]<RETURN>;

|Savingconfigurationfiles...done.

|Generatinginitialhost.randomfile...done.

|Whattimezoneareyouin?('?'forlist)[Canada/Mountain]?<thenRETURN>;

|Africa/Chile/GB-EireIsraelNZ-CHATTurkey

|America/CubaGMTJamaicaNavajoUCT

|Antarctica/EETGMT+0JapanPRCUS/

|Arctic/ESTGMT-0KwajaleinPST8PDTUTC

|Asia/EST5EDTGMT0LibyaPacific/Universal

|Atlantic/EgyptGreenwichMETPolandW-SU

|Australia/EireHSTMSTPortugalWET

|Brazil/Etc/HongkongMST7MDTROCZulu

|CETEurope/IcelandMexico/ROKposix/

|CST6CDTFactoryIndian/Mideast/Singaporeposixrules

|Canada/GBIranNZSystemV/right/

|Whattimezoneareyouin?('?'forlist)[Canada/Mountain]PRC<thenRETURN>;

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此处用UTC则和你的手表时间一致，因此建议使用UTC

##多谢bluebell指出错误，输入的时候没有注意，呵呵

#########################

|Settinglocaltimezoneto'PRC'...done.

|Makingalldevicenodes...done.

|Installingbootblock...

|boot:/mnt/boot

|proto:/usr/mdec/biosboot

|device:/dev/rwd0c

|/usr/mdec/biosboot:entrypoint0

|protobootblocksize512

|/mnt/bootis3blocksx16384bytes

|fsblockshift2;partoffset63;inodeblock120,offset8488

|usingMBRpartition3:type166(0xa6)offset63(0x3f)

|done.

|CONGRATULATIONS!YourOpenBSDinstallhasbeensuccessfullycompleted!

|Tobootthenewsystem,enterhaltatthecommandprompt.Oncethe

|systemhashalted,resetthemachineandbootfromthedisk.

|#halt<thenRETURN>;

|syncingdisks...done

|Theoperatingsystemhashalted.

|Pleasepressanykeytoreboot.<RETURN>;

|Rebooting...

至此，系统安装部分完毕。