本文实例讲述了Oracle实现行列转换的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
1、固定列数的行列转换
如:
student subject grade --------- ---------- -------- student1 语文 80 student1 数学 70 student1 英语 60 student2 语文 90 student2 数学 80 student2 英语 100 ……
转换为:
语文 数学 英语 student1 80 70 60 student2 90 80 100 ……
语句如下:
select student, sum(decode(subject,'语文', grade,null)) "语文", sum(decode(subject,'数学', grade,null)) "数学", sum(decode(subject,'英语', grade,null)) "英语" from table group by student;
2、不定列行列转换
如:
c1 c2 --- ----------- 1 我 1 是 1 谁 2 知 2 道 3 不 ……
转换为
1 我是谁 2 知道 3 不
这一类型的转换可以借助于PL/SQL来完成,这里给一个例子
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_c2(tmp_c1 NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS Col_c2 VARCHAR2(4000); BEGIN FOR cur IN (SELECT c2 FROM t WHERE c1=tmp_c1) LOOP Col_c2 := Col_c2||cur.c2; END LOOP; Col_c2 := rtrim(Col_c2,1); RETURN Col_c2; END; select distinct c1 ,get_c2(c1) cc2 from table;
或者不用pl/sql,利用分析函数和 CONNECT_BY 实现:
SELECT c1, SUBSTR (MAX (SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH (c2, ';')), 2) NAME FROM (SELECT c1, c2, rn, LEAD (rn) OVER (PARTITION BY c1 ORDER BY rn) rn1 FROM (SELECT c1, c2, ROW_NUMBER () OVER (ORDER BY c2) rn FROM t)) START WITH rn1 IS NULL CONNECT BY rn1 = PRIOR rn GROUP BY c1;
3、列数不固定(交叉表行列转置)
这种是比较麻烦的一种,需要借助pl/sql:
原始数据:
CLASS1 CALLDATE CALLCOUNT 1 2005-08-08 40 1 2005-08-07 6 2 2005-08-08 77 3 2005-08-09 33 3 2005-08-08 9 3 2005-08-07 21
转置后:
CALLDATE CallCount1 CallCount2 CallCount3 ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- 2005-08-09 0 0 33 2005-08-08 40 77 9 2005-08-07 6 0 21
试验如下:
1). 建立测试表和数据
CREATE TABLE t( class1 VARCHAR2(2 BYTE), calldate DATE, callcount INTEGER ); INSERT INTO t(class1, calldate, callcount) VALUES ('1', TO_DATE ('08/08/2005', 'MM/DD/YYYY'), 40); INSERT INTO t(class1, calldate, callcount) VALUES ('1', TO_DATE ('08/07/2005', 'MM/DD/YYYY'), 6); INSERT INTO t(class1, calldate, callcount) VALUES ('2', TO_DATE ('08/08/2005', 'MM/DD/YYYY'), 77); INSERT INTO t(class1, calldate, callcount) VALUES ('3', TO_DATE ('08/09/2005', 'MM/DD/YYYY'), 33); INSERT INTO t(class1, calldate, callcount) VALUES ('3', TO_DATE ('08/08/2005', 'MM/DD/YYYY'), 9); INSERT INTO t(class1, calldate, callcount) VALUES ('3', TO_DATE ('08/07/2005', 'MM/DD/YYYY'), 21); COMMIT ;
2). 建立ref cursor准备输出结果集
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE pkg_getrecord IS TYPE myrctype IS REF CURSOR; END pkg_getrecord;
3). 建立动态sql交叉表函数,输出结果集
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_rs RETURN pkg_getrecord.myrctype IS s VARCHAR2 (4000); CURSOR c1 IS SELECT ',sum(case when Class1=' || class1 || ' then CallCount else 0 end)' || ' "CallCount' || class1 || '"' c2 FROM t GROUP BY class1; r1 c1%ROWTYPE; list_cursor pkg_getrecord.myrctype; BEGIN s := 'select CallDate '; OPEN c1; LOOP FETCH c1 INTO r1; EXIT WHEN c1%NOTFOUND; s := s || r1.c2; END LOOP; CLOSE c1; s := s || ' from T group by CallDate order by CallDate desc '; OPEN list_cursor FOR s; RETURN list_cursor; END fn_rs;
4). 测试在sql plus下执行:
var results refcursor; exec :results := fn_rs; print results; CALLDATE CallCount1 CallCount2 CallCount3 --------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 2005-08-09 0 0 33 2005-08-08 40 77 9 2005-08-07 6 0 21
说明:decode
DECODE(value, if1, then1, if2,then2, if3,then3, . . . else )
Value 代表某个表的任何类型的任意列或一个通过计算所得的任何结果。当每个value值被测试,如果value的值为if1,Decode 函数的结果是then1;如果value等于if2,Decode函数结果是then2;等等。事实上,可以给出多个if/then 配对。如果value结果不等于给出的任何配对时,Decode 结果就返回else 。
另外,还可以用decoder函数来比较大小,如下:
select decode(sign(变量1-变量2),-1,变量1,变量2) from dual; --取较小值
sign()函数根据某个值是0、正数还是负数,分别返回0、1、-1
例如:
变量1=10,变量2=20
则sign(变量1-变量2)返回-1,decode解码结果为“变量1”,达到了取较小值的目的。
希望本文所述对大家Oracle数据库程序设计有所帮助。