最近管理的一批机器，有个需求是要统一修改一个帐号的用户名密码，比如将qa帐号的密码改为1234，后来还为了脚本化，很方便的执行，还使用了非交互式地修改用户的密码。简单记录一下吧。

1. 交互式配置本地用户的密码：passwd 命令

复制代码 代码如下:

[root@host_221-81 ~]# passwd qa

Changing password for user qa.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too short

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

2. 非交互式修改本地用户的密码：chpasswd

复制代码 代码如下:

# chpasswd命令使用起来很简洁

[root@host_221-81 ~]# echo "qa:1234" | chpasswd

# 使用passwd命令，也可以实现非交互式修改密码

[root@host_221-81 ~]# echo "1234" | passwd --stdin "qa"

Changing password for user qa.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3. 使用expect来处理交互式输入，从而实现非交互式的密码修改。

复制代码 代码如下:

#!/bin/sh

#

exec expect -f "$0" "$@"

if { $argc != 2 } {

puts "Usage: $argv0 <username> <passwd>"

exit 1

}

set password [lindex $argv 1]

spawn passwd [lindex $argv 0]

sleep 1

expect "assword:"

send "$passwordr"

expect "assword:"

send "$passwordr"

expect eof

注意：脚本的第二行，这种写法可能比较陌生，这是在TCL语言中的语法，The backslash is recognized as part of a comment to sh, but in Tcl the backslash continues the comment into the next line which keeps the exec command from executing again.

该脚本的执行结果为：

复制代码 代码如下:

[root@smilejay ~]# ./change-pwd-expect.sh qa 1234

spawn passwd qa

Changing password for user qa.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too short

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.