1. 类 Executors
Executors类可以看做一个“工具类”。援引JDK1.6 API中的介绍：
此包中所定义的 Executor、ExecutorService、ScheduledExecutorService、ThreadFactory 和 Callable 类的工厂和实用方法。此类支持以下各种方法：
（1）创建并返回设置有常用配置字符串的 ExecutorService 的方法。
（2）创建并返回设置有常用配置字符串的 ScheduledExecutorService 的方法。
（3）创建并返回“包装的”ExecutorService 方法，它通过使特定于实现的方法不可访问来禁用重新配置。
（4）创建并返回 ThreadFactory 的方法，它可将新创建的线程设置为已知的状态。
（5）创建并返回非闭包形式的 Callable 的方法，这样可将其用于需要 Callable 的执行方法中。
通过这个类能够获得多种线程池的实例，例如可以调用newSingleThreadExecutor()获得单线程的ExecutorService，调 用newFixedThreadPool()获得固定大小线程池的ExecutorService，等等。拿到ExecutorService可以做的事情就比 较多了，最简单的是用它来执行Runnable对象，也可以执行一些实现了Callable<T>的对象。用Thread的start()方 法没有返回值，如果该线程执行的方法有返回值那用ExecutorService就再好不过了，可以选择submit()、invokeAll()或者 invokeAny()，根据具体情况选择合适的方法即可。
此类中提供的一些方法有：
1.1 public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()
创建一个可根据需要创建新线程的线程池，但是在以前构造的线程可用时将重用它们。对于执行很多短期异步任务的程序而言，这些线程池通常可提高程序性能。
1.2 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)
创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池，以共享的无界队列方式来运行这些线程。
1.3 public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor()
创建一个使用单个 worker 线程的 Executor，以无界队列方式来运行该线程。
这三个方法都可以配合接口ThreadFactory的实例一起使用。并且返回一个ExecutorService接口的实例。
2. 接口 ThreadFactory
根据需要创建新线程的对象。使用线程工厂就无需再手工编写对 new Thread 的调用了，从而允许应用程序使用特殊的线程子类、属性等等。
此接口最简单的实现就是：
class SimpleThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { return new Thread(r); } }
3. 接口ExecutorService
该接口提供了管理终止的方法。
4.创建标准线程池启动线程
4.1 提供一个简单的实现Runnable接口的线程
MyThread.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors; public class MyThread implements Runnable { private int count = 1, number; public MyThread(int num) { number = num; System.out.println("Create Thread-" + number); } public void run() { while (true) { System.out.println("Thread-" + number + " run " + count+" time(s)"); if (++count == 3) return; } } }
这个线程会打印出相应的创建和执行信息。
4.2使用CachedThreadPool启动线程
CachedThreadPool.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class CachedThreadPool { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) exec.execute(new MyThread(i)); exec.shutdown(); } }
结果：
Create Thread-0 Create Thread-1 Create Thread-2 Create Thread-3 Thread-0 run 1 time(s) Thread-0 run 2 time(s) Thread-1 run 1 time(s) Thread-1 run 2 time(s) Thread-2 run 1 time(s) Thread-2 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-4 Thread-4 run 1 time(s) Thread-4 run 2 time(s) Thread-3 run 1 time(s) Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
4.3 使用FixedThreadPool启动线程
FixedThreadPool.java package com.zj.concurrency.executors; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class FixedThreadPool { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) exec.execute(new MyThread(i)); exec.shutdown(); } }
结果：
Create Thread-0 Create Thread-1 Create Thread-2 Create Thread-3 Create Thread-4 Thread-0 run 1 time(s) Thread-0 run 2 time(s) Thread-2 run 1 time(s) Thread-2 run 2 time(s) Thread-3 run 1 time(s) Thread-3 run 2 time(s) Thread-4 run 1 time(s) Thread-4 run 2 time(s) Thread-1 run 1 time(s) Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
4.4 使用SingleThreadExecutor启动线程
SingleThreadExecutor.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class SingleThreadExecutor { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService exec = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) exec.execute(new MyThread(i)); exec.shutdown(); } }
结果：
Create Thread-0 Create Thread-1 Create Thread-2 Create Thread-3 Create Thread-4 Thread-0 run 1 time(s) Thread-0 run 2 time(s) Thread-1 run 1 time(s) Thread-1 run 2 time(s) Thread-2 run 1 time(s) Thread-2 run 2 time(s) Thread-3 run 1 time(s) Thread-3 run 2 time(s) Thread-4 run 1 time(s) Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
5.配合ThreadFactory接口的使用
我们试图给线程加入daemon和priority的属性设置。
5.1设置后台线程属性
DaemonThreadFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; public class DaemonThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); t.setDaemon(true); return t; } }
5.2 设置优先级属性
最高优先级MaxPriorityThreadFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; public class MaxPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); t.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); return t; } }
最低优先级MinPriorityThreadFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; public class MinPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); t.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); return t; } }
5.3启动带有属性设置的线程
ExecFromFactory.java
package com.zj.concurrency.executors; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.DaemonThreadFactory; import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MaxPriorityThreadFactory; import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MinPriorityThreadFactory; public class ExecFromFactory { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ExecutorService defaultExec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); ExecutorService daemonExec = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(new DaemonThreadFactory()); ExecutorService maxPriorityExec = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(new MaxPriorityThreadFactory()); ExecutorService minPriorityExec = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(new MinPriorityThreadFactory()); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) daemonExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++) if (i == 10) maxPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); else if (i == 11) minPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); else defaultExec.execute(new MyThread(i)); } }
结果：
Create Thread-0 Create Thread-1 Create Thread-2 Create Thread-3 Thread-0 run 1 time(s) Thread-0 run 2 time(s) Thread-1 run 1 time(s) Thread-1 run 2 time(s) Thread-2 run 1 time(s) Thread-2 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-4 Thread-4 run 1 time(s) Thread-4 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-5 Thread-5 run 1 time(s) Thread-5 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-6 Create Thread-7 Thread-7 run 1 time(s) Thread-7 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-8 Thread-8 run 1 time(s) Thread-8 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-9 Create Thread-10 Thread-10 run 1 time(s) Thread-10 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-11 Thread-9 run 1 time(s) Thread-9 run 2 time(s) Thread-6 run 1 time(s) Thread-6 run 2 time(s) Thread-3 run 1 time(s) Thread-3 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-12 Create Thread-13 Create Thread-14 Thread-12 run 1 time(s) Thread-12 run 2 time(s) Thread-13 run 1 time(s) Thread-13 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-15 Thread-15 run 1 time(s) Thread-15 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-16 Thread-16 run 1 time(s) Thread-16 run 2 time(s) Create Thread-17 Create Thread-18 Create Thread-19 Thread-14 run 1 time(s) Thread-14 run 2 time(s) Thread-17 run 1 time(s) Thread-17 run 2 time(s) Thread-18 run 1 time(s) Thread-18 run 2 time(s) Thread-19 run 1 time(s) Thread-19 run 2 time(s) Thread-11 run 1 time(s) Thread-11 run 2 time(s)