Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4+Nginx 0.7.47+PHP5.2+MYSQL5.0+Memcache+eAccelerator收

摘要：安装LINUX1.导航界面【回车】2.是否将CD数据拷贝到磁盘上安装【跳过】3.LINUX安装界面【下一步】4.选择语言【英文】5.键盘【美...

安装LINUX

1. 导航界面【回车】

2. 是否将CD数据拷贝到磁盘上安装【跳过】

3. LINUX安装界面【下一步】

4. 选择语言【英文】

5. 键盘【美国标准键盘】

6. 选择类型【自定义】

7. 磁盘分配【自动分区】

8. 自动分区【删除所有分区】

9. 引导装载【下一步】

10. 网络配置【DHCP】

11. 选择系统默认语言【英文】

12. 选择时区【北京】

13. 设置管理员密码【３２１３２１】

14. 选择安装包LINUX开发工具，系统配置工具

15. 开始安装

网络配置

Netconfig 图形界面设置网络，重启network后生效。

网络服务启动脚本

/etc/init.d/network 从新启动才能生效

扩展：# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network start 启动network

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop 停止network

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart 重启network

# ifconfig eth0 down 停止eth0接口

# ifconfig eth0 up 开启eth0接口

Ifdown 网络接口名称停止某个网络接口。

Ifup 网络接口名称开启某个网络接口。

设置Ip

netcofnig

/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start

ifconfig eth0 up

设置防火墙

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

重启防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables restart

查看防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables status

创建目录

Mkdir /home/soft/

wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.2.7.tar.gz

wget http://apache.etoak.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.11.tar.gz

wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/libpng/libpng-1.4.0beta53.tar.gz

wget http://ftp.twaren.net/Unix/NonGNU/freetype/freetype-2.1.10.tar.gz

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.17.tar.gz

wget http://www.libgd.org/releases/gd-2.0.35.tar.gz

wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.2.9.tar.gz/from/cn.php.net/mirror

安装Mysql5.0.37

开始安装和编译代码：

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.0.37.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.0.37

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

scripts/mysql_install_db

chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/var

chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysqld

chmod a+x /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysqld

mysqladmin -uroot password "321321"

启动服务方法

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysqld start

停止服务方法

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown

cp /usr/local/webserver/mysql/include/mysql/mysql.h /usr/local/webserver/mysql/

设置成开机自启动

在/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中加入一行

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysqld start

这样每次重新启动系统以后,mysql也会随系统一起启动.

安装Memcache + libevent

tar zxvf libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz

cd libevent-1.4.9-stable

./configure --prefix=/usr/ && make && make install

cd ../

tar zxvf memcached-1.2.7.tar.gz

cd memcached-1.2.7

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/ && make && make install

/usr/local/server/memcached/bin/memcached -l 192.168.8.1 -d -p 10000 -u nobody -m 128

cd ../

表示用 daemon 的方式启动 memcached，监听在 192.168.8.1 的 10000 端口上，运行用户为 nobody，为其分配128MB 的内存

安装 PHP扩展包

tar zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

cd zlib-1.2.3

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libpng-1.4.0beta53.tar.gz

cd libpng-1.4.0beta53

cd scripts/

mv makefile.linux ../makefile

cd ../

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf freetype-2.1.10.tar.gz

cd freetype-2.1.10

./configure

make && make install

cd ../

tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz

cd jpeg-6b/

./configure --enable-shared

make

make test

mkdir /usr/local/man

mkdir /usr/local/man/man1

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf gettext-0.17.tar.gz

cd gettext-0.17

./configure --prefix=/usr

cp /usr/lib/libattr.* /lib/

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz

cd gd-2.0.35

./configure --with-png --with-freetype --with-jpeg

make && make install

cp gd.h /usr/

cd ../

tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.12

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/iconv

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

安装PHP

tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz

gzip -cd php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1

cd php-5.2.9

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-freetype --with-png --with-gd --with-jpeg --with-zlib --enable-magic-quotes --with-iconv --without-sqlite --with-mcrypt --with-iconv=/usr/local/iconv --without-pdo-sqlite --with-gettext=/usr --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --disable-dom --disable-simplexml --enable-roxen-zts

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

cd ../

配置eAccelerator加速PHP

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

修改PHP.ini

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"

修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：

extension = "memcache.so"

extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

再查找output_buffering = Off

修改为output_buffering = On

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="128"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

修改配置文件

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

输入以下内容

kernel.shmmax = 134217728

然后执行以下命令使配置生效

/sbin/sysctl -p

创建www用户和组，虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：

在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

<?xml version="1.0" ?>

All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

Pid file

<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

Error log file

<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

Log level

<value name="log_level">notice</value>

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.

Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.

Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master

Set to 'no' to debug fpm

</section>

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.

<value name="name">default</value>

Address to accept fastcgi requests on.

Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'

Set listen(2) backlog

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.

In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.

Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.

</value>

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.

<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>

</value>

Unix user of processes

Unix group of processes

Process manager settings

Sets style of controling worker process count.

Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'

<value name="style">static</value>

Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.

Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.

Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi

Used with any pm_style.

Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style

Sets the number of server processes created on startup.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

</value>

The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated

Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason

'0s' means 'off'

The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file

'0s' means 'off'

The log file for slow requests

Set open file desc rlimit

Set max core size rlimit

Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path

Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path

Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.

If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs

How much requests each process should execute before respawn.

Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.

For endless request processing please specify 0

Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS

Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.

Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)

Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH

All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment

<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>

<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>

<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>

<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>

</value>

</section>

</workers>

</configuration>

启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

安装Nginx 0.7.47

安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz

cd pcre-7.8/

./configure

make && make install

cd ../

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.47.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.7.47/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --without-http_map_module --without-http_geo_module --without-http_autoindex_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make && make install

cd ../

mkdir -p /data1/logs

chmod +w /data1/logs

chown -R www:www /data1/logs

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容

user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 51200;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name blog.s135.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires 30d;

}

location ~ .*.(js|css)?$

{

expires 1h;

}

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;

}

server

{

listen 80;

server_name www.s135.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/www;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;

}

在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

输入以下内容

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000

使配置立即生效

/sbin/sysctl -p

编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

增写以下内容

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

输入以下内容

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh